SR-71
年表Timeline

從圖紙到博物館，38 個節點From drawing board to museum: 38 entries

藍點是與台灣有關的兩次接觸；每一列後面的 [代號] 對應來源頁。Cyan dots mark the two Taiwan connections. Bracketed codes point at the sources page.

  • 1957-12-24 前世
    J58 發動機第一次試車。這具引擎後來成為黑鳥的心臟，但真正推力大半來自進氣道。The J58 engine runs for the first time. It will become the Blackbird's heart — though most of the thrust will come from the inlet. [wiki]
  • 1960-05-01 前世
    U-2 偵察機在蘇聯上空被擊落（飛行員 Gary Powers 被俘）。三週後 CIA 加快「更高、更快」的後繼機計畫。A U-2 is shot down over the Soviet Union (pilot Gary Powers captured). Within weeks the CIA accelerates the 'higher and faster' successor programme. [wiki]
  • 1960-02-11 前世
    CIA 批准 9,600 萬美元合約，向洛克希德「臭鼬工廠」訂 12 架 A-12。專案代號 OXCART。The CIA approves a US$96 million contract for twelve A-12s from Lockheed's Skunk Works. Codename: OXCART. [robarge]
  • 1962-04-26 前世
    A-12 首飛，試飛員 Lou Schalk，地點是內華達的 Groom Lake（後世稱 51 區）。The A-12 flies for the first time at Groom Lake, Nevada — later known as Area 51. Test pilot Lou Schalk. [firebird]
  • 1962-12-28 開發
    洛克希德簽約製造六架「R-12」——美國空軍版的 A-12，也就是後來的 SR-71：機身更長、載油更多、兩人一組。Lockheed signs for six 'R-12s' — the US Air Force version of the A-12: longer fuselage, more fuel, two crew. It becomes the SR-71. [wiki]
  • 1964-07-25 開發
    詹森總統公開宣布這架「A-11」的存在。實際上他公布的是一種掩護：真正的 A-12 仍然保密。President Johnson announces the existence of an 'A-11'. The announcement is itself cover: the real A-12 stays secret. [wiki]
  • 1964-10-29 開發
    第一架 SR-71（61-7950）交機到加州 Palmdale 的 42 號廠。The first SR-71 (61-7950) is delivered to Air Force Plant 42, Palmdale, California. [wiki]
  • 1964-12-22 開發
    SR-71 首飛，洛克希德試飛員 Bob Gilliland 駕駛，從 Palmdale 起飛。First SR-71 flight, with Lockheed test pilot Bob Gilliland at the controls out of Palmdale. [wiki]
  • 1966-01-07 服役
    SR-71 開始交付美國空軍，進駐加州比爾空軍基地（Beale AFB）第 9 戰略偵察聯隊。The SR-71 enters service with the 9th Strategic Reconnaissance Wing at Beale AFB, California. [wiki]
  • 1966-01-25 事故
    61-7952 在 3 馬赫巡航時解體。飛行員 Bill Weaver 被彈出後奇蹟生還，偵察系統官 Jim Zwayer 殉職——這是 SR-71 唯一一次機組死亡。61-7952 breaks up at Mach 3. Pilot Bill Weaver is thrown clear and survives; RSO Jim Zwayer is killed — the only SR-71 crew fatality. [wiki]
  • 1967-05-31 前世
    A-12 執行第一次「黑盾」作戰任務，飛越北越。CIA 的單座版比 SR-71 更早投入實戰。The A-12 flies its first BLACK SHIELD operational mission over North Vietnam. The single-seat CIA version goes to war before the SR-71 does. [a12]
  • 1967-07-21 雜聞
    一次訓練任務中慣導失效，機組不小心飛進墨西哥領空——史上第一次「國際任務」其實是迷航。A navigation failure on a training sortie puts an SR-71 over Mexican airspace — the type's first 'international mission' was an accident. [wiki]
  • 1968-03-08 服役
    第一架 SR-71A（61-7978）飛抵沖繩嘉手納基地，接替 A-12。The first SR-71A (61-7978) arrives at Kadena AB, Okinawa, to replace the A-12. [wiki]
  • 1968-03-21 台灣
    SR-71 第一次作戰任務：61-7976 飛越北越河內，回程嘉手納大霧，轉降台中清泉崗基地。進場時它用加油機的呼號偽裝，塔台還問「兩架加油機中間那架黑色小飛機是誰」。The SR-71's first combat mission: 61-7976 over Hanoi. Fog at Kadena forces a diversion to Ching Chuan Kang AB, Taiwan — entering on a tanker call sign. The tower asks who the 'little black aircraft between the two tankers' is. [geekclub]
  • 1968-05-22 前世
    A-12 完成最後一次北越任務；6 月 5 日最後一架 A-12 失事，CIA 飛行員 Jack Weeks 殉職。A-12 於同年退役。The A-12 flies its last mission over North Vietnam; on 5 June the last A-12 is lost with CIA pilot Jack Weeks. The A-12 retires that year. [a12]
  • 1969-12-13 台灣
    兩架 SR-71 部署到台灣（清泉崗），冷戰期間黑鳥在東亞的跳板之一。Two SR-71s deploy to Taiwan (Ching Chuan Kang) — one of the Blackbird's Cold War springboards in East Asia. [wiki]
  • 1971-04-26 紀錄
    61-7968 由 Estes 與 Vick 駕駛，10 小時 30 分飛越 15,000 英里，獲 1971 年 Mackay Trophy。61-7968, crewed by Estes and Vick, covers over 15,000 miles in 10 h 30 min, winning the 1971 Mackay Trophy. [wiki]
  • 1974-09-01 紀錄
    紐約到倫敦 1 小時 54 分 56.4 秒（5,632 公里，平均時速約 2,908 公里），至今無人打破。New York to London in 1 h 54 min 56.4 s — 3,461 miles at an average of 1,807 mph. Still unbroken. [wiki]
  • 1974-09-13 紀錄
    倫敦回洛杉磯 3 小時 47 分 39 秒，同一個月把大西洋變成「國內航線」。London back to Los Angeles in 3 h 47 min 39 s, the same month — the Atlantic turned into a domestic hop. [wiki]
  • 1976-04-20 服役
    開始從英國 RAF Mildenhall 出勤，沿蘇聯波羅的海與巴倫支海海岸線偵察（Baltic Express）。Detachment 4 begins flying from RAF Mildenhall, probing the Soviet Baltic and Barents coastlines — the 'Baltic Express'. [wiki]
  • 1976-07-28 紀錄
    一天兩項世界紀錄：61-7958 直線航線 3,529.56 km/h（Mach 3.3）；61-7962 水平飛行高度 25,929 公尺。兩項至今仍由黑鳥保持。Two world records in one day: 61-7958 at 3,529.56 km/h over a straight course (Mach 3.3), and 61-7962 at 85,068.997 ft in sustained horizontal flight. Both still stand. [fai]
  • 1980-08 開發
    類比進氣控制開始換成數位（DAFICS），大幅減少「進氣道不啟動」（unstart）造成的偏航與爆震。The analogue inlet control is replaced by a digital system (DAFICS), sharply reducing the violent yaw and banging of an inlet 'unstart'. [wiki]
  • 1982-01-15 服役
    SR-71B 教練機 61-7956 飛出第 1,000 架次。SR-71B trainer 61-7956 flies its 1,000th sortie. [wiki]
  • 1986-04-15 服役
    美軍空襲利比亞前後，黑鳥執行偵察。飛行員 Brian Shul 事後稱當天曾飛到 Mach 3.5 躲避飛彈——此說法沒有官方紀錄佐證。SR-71s fly reconnaissance around the US raid on Libya. Pilot Brian Shul later claimed Mach 3.5 while evading a missile; no official record corroborates it. [wiki]
  • 1987-06-29 事故
    61-7964 在波羅的海左發動機爆炸，掉進瑞典領空。瑞典 J37 Viggen 升空攔截，發現它受傷後改為護航，送到丹麥。2018 年四位瑞典飛行員獲頒美國空軍獎章。61-7964 loses its left engine over the Baltic and drops into Swedish airspace. Two JA 37 Viggens intercept, find it in distress and escort it to Denmark. In 2018 the four Swedish pilots receive US Air Medals. [afmil]
  • 1989-04-21 事故
    61-7974 從嘉手納起飛後左發動機爆炸，機組彈射生還。殘骸 12 月 24 日海葬於馬里亞納海溝——黑鳥家族最後一次失事。61-7974 suffers a catastrophic left engine failure after take-off from Kadena; the crew ejects. The wreckage is buried at sea in the Mariana Trench on 24 December — the last Blackbird lost. [wiki]
  • 1990-01-26 退役
    美國空軍第一次退役 SR-71（政治與預算因素大於技術因素）。The US Air Force retires the SR-71 for the first time — for political and budget reasons more than technical ones. [wiki]
  • 1990-03-06 紀錄
    61-7972 從 Palmdale 飛到華盛頓 Dulles：3,701 公里、64 分 20 秒、平均 3,452 km/h，一次刷新四項紀錄，落地後直接推去史密森尼博物館。61-7972 flies Palmdale to Dulles: 2,299.7 miles in 64 min 20 s, averaging 2,144.8 mph, setting four records — then rolls straight into the Smithsonian. [wiki]
  • 1995 服役
    三架黑鳥在 7,200 萬美元預算下重返現役（國會原編 1 億美元）。Three Blackbirds return to service on a US$72 million budget (Congress had allocated $100 million). [wiki]
  • 1998-06 退役
    美國空軍第二次、也是最後一次退役 SR-71。The US Air Force retires the SR-71 for the second and final time. [wiki]
  • 1999-10-09 退役
    NASA 的 SR-71A（前 61-7980，改編號 844）在愛德華基地落地，黑鳥家族 37 年的飛行史在此結束。NASA's SR-71A (ex-61-7980, NASA 844) lands at Edwards — the family's 37-year flying career ends here. [nasa]
  • 2013-11-01 之後
    洛克希德馬丁公開 SR-72 概念：無人、Mach 6。到 2026 年仍停留在概念階段。Lockheed Martin reveals the SR-72 concept: unmanned, Mach 6. As of 2026 it remains a concept. [wiki]
  • 2018-11-28 之後
    31 年後，四位瑞典飛行員在斯德哥爾摩獲頒美國空軍 Air Medal——1987 年那場護航才被公開承認。Thirty-one years later, four Swedish pilots receive US Air Medals in Stockholm — the 1987 escort is finally acknowledged in public. [afmil]
  • 2024-09-01 之後
    《衛報》在大西洋紀錄 50 週年做了專訪：1 小時 54 分 56 秒，半個世紀沒有人打破。The Guardian marks 50 years of the transatlantic record: 1 h 54 min 56 s, unbroken for half a century. [guardian]
  • 2026-05-17 之後
    NASA 的阿姆斯壯研究中心展示機（尾號 844，原 61-7980）最晚從這一天起不再出現在原本的位置。這是衛星影像比對出來的，NASA 沒有說明去了哪裡。NASA Armstrong's display aircraft — tail 844, ex-61-7980 — has not been visible at its usual spot since at least 17 May, per satellite imagery. NASA has not said where it went. [twz]
  • 2026-09 之後
    NASA 署長 Jared Isaacman 在 All-In Summit 放出一張剪影，外型強烈像黑鳥，配字「重建我們的 X-plane 隊列」。被問到那是不是黑鳥時，他回：「你確定那是黑鳥嗎？」NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman shows a silhouette that looks unmistakably like a Blackbird, captioned 'Rebuilding our X-plane portfolio'. Asked if it was a Blackbird: 'You sure that's a Blackbird?' [twz]
  • 2026-09-24 之後
    Aviation Week 記者 Steve Trimble 以衛星影像比對，率先報導 844 從展示位置消失，推測被移入機庫檢查。TWZ 跟進，NASA 只回覆「我們期待在這些工作推進時分享更多」。Aviation Week's Steve Trimble reports the disappearance first, using satellite imagery, and suggests the jet was moved into a hangar for inspection. TWZ follows up; NASA replies only that it looks forward to sharing more as the work progresses. [aw]
  • 2026-10-02 之後
    一位前黑鳥工程師對 TWZ 說：接下來幾週會做「通電測試」——不是發動機開車，是把外部電源接上機體，看哪些系統還活著。他同時說 J58 依檢測判定已不可用、JP-7 庫存約 20 年前就丟了，但當時已在跟煉油廠談替代燃料。A former Blackbird engineer tells TWZ that 'power-on testing' — external power onto the airframe to see which systems still live, not an engine run — is expected within weeks. He also says the J58s are judged unserviceable on inspection, and that the JP-7 stockpile was discarded about 20 years ago, though refineries were already being approached for a surrogate. [twz2]